Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后

Empress Dowager Cixi (also romanised as Empress Dowager Tzu-hsi; Chinese:慈禧太后; pinyin:Cíxǐ Tàihòu; Wade–Giles:Tz'u-hsi T'ai-hou; Mandarin pronunciation: [tsʰɨ̌ɕì tʰâɪ̯ xɤ̂ʊ̯]; Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.