俄国芭蕾是芭蕾舞的一个流派。原受法国浪漫派的影响，也在俄国宫廷掀起了一股芭蕾热潮。

俄国安娜女皇在冬宫设立帝国芭蕾舞校（瓦加诺娃芭蕾舞学院的前身），早期的学生几乎都是沙皇仆从的子女，后来这股芭蕾热延烧到民间芭蕾遂不仅限于宫廷，于是，许多穷苦人家将子女送到舞校习舞、在严苛的专制体制下，动作要求精准到位，并挑战人体极限，使俄国芭蕾有精湛的水准。

古典芭蕾与浪漫芭蕾的相异处在于俄国将法国浪漫派的钟吊式舞裙改为蓬松的短纱裙（为凸显女舞者修长的线条以及复杂高超的技巧）再融入俄派的优典创造出有异于法国浪漫派的俄派古典芭蕾。

The Ballets Russes was an itinerant ballet company based in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society. After its initial Paris season, the company had no formal ties there.