Synaptonemal complex
![A Homologous chromosomes (light blue) align and synapse together via transverse filaments (black lines) and longitudinal filaments (dark blue). Recombination nodules (gray ellipsoids) on the central region may help in completing recombination. Chromatin (red loops) is attached to its corresponding chromosome, extending from both sister chromatids. B Top: Set of tomato SCs. Chromatin “sheaths” visible around each SC. Bottom: Two tomato SCs with the chromatin removed, allowing kinetochores (“ball-like” structures) at centromeres to be revealed.](/Images/godic/202502/06/Synaptonemal_complex2930.png")
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination. It is now evident that the synaptonemal complex is not required for genetic recombination. Research has shown that not only does it form after genetic recombination but mutant yeast cells unable to assemble a synaptonemal complex can still engage in the exchange of genetic information. It is currently thought that the SC functions primarily as a scaffold to allow interacting chromatids to complete their crossover activities. The synaptonemal complex is a tripartite structure consisting of two parallel lateral regions and a central element.