苯乙胺
![](/Images/godic/202502/02/Phenethylamine-3D-balls0700.png")
![苯乙胺与安非他命的结构通式（见下表）。](/Images/godic/202502/02/Phenethylamine_rests.svg0700.png")
![](/Images/godic/202502/02/Overview_Phenethylamines0700.png")
苯乙胺（Phenethylamine，PEA），或称β-苯乙胺、2-苯乙胺，是一种生物碱与单胺类神经递质。苯乙胺有一个结构异构体，即α-苯乙胺或称1-苯乙胺，α-苯乙胺有两个立体异构体：(R)-(+)-1-苯乙胺与(S)-(-)-1-苯乙胺。在人脑中，2-苯乙胺有神经调节物质、神经递质与示踪胺（Trace amine）的作用。苯乙胺是自然化合物，由胺基酸苯丙氨酸借由酶的脱羧作用的方式生化合成。它也可以在很多食物中找到，如巧克力，特别是在微生物发酵之后。一般都认为来自食物的苯乙胺有足够的用量会产生精神上的作用。然而，它很快就被酵素单胺氧化脢所新陈代谢，防止其有效地集中到达脑部。
![Phenethylamine pharmacodynamics in a TAAR1–dopamine neuron
via AADC
Both amphetamine and phenethylamine induce neurotransmitter release from VMAT2[19][20][21] and bind to TAAR1.[22][23] When either binds to TAAR1, it reduces neuron firing rate and triggers protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, resulting in DAT phosphorylation.[22][23] Phosphorylated DAT then either operates in reverse or withdraws into the presynaptic neuron and ceases transport.[22][23]](/Images/godic/202502/02/TAAR1_Dopamine.svg0700.png")
![Human biosynthesis pathway for trace amines and catecholamines[2][28]
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
L-Dopa
Epinephrine
Phenethylamine
p-Tyramine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
N-Methylphenethylamine
N-Methyltyramine
p-Octopamine
Synephrine
3-Methoxytyramine
AADC
AADC
AADC
PNMT
PNMT
PNMT
PNMT
AAAH
AAAH
COMT
DBH
DBH
In humans, catecholamines and phenethylaminergic trace amines are derived from the amino acid phenylalanine.](/Images/godic/202502/02/Catecholamine_and_trace_amine_biosynthesis0700.png")