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词汇 Obligate aerobe
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

Obligate aerobe

中文百科

专性需氧微生物

图为4支培养有不同种类微生物的试管。试管内的培养基为巯基乙酸肉汤。 1中培养的是专性需氧微生物。因为它们不能进行发酵及无氧呼吸，所以它们浮在了氧含量最高的上层。 2中培养的是专性厌氧微生物。因为它们体内因无过氧化氢酶等物质无法在有氧条件下存货，故浮在氧含量最低的下层。 3中培养的是兼性厌氧菌。它们既可以在有氧条件下也能够在无氧条件下生存，所以它们分布在试管培养基上的各处。但因为有氧呼吸较无氧呼吸能产生更多的ATP（三磷酸腺苷），故更多的菌体分布在上层。 4中培养的是微需氧微生物。它们不能进行发酵及无氧呼吸，也不能在高氧浓度环境中存活，故它们浮在试管中上层。5中培养的是耐氧厌氧生物。这种细菌不能进行有氧呼吸，但却可以在高氧浓度环境下存活，所以它们均匀地分布在试管培养基上各处。

专性需氧微生物（英语：obligate aerobe）是一类在有氧条件下才能存活的微生物。这类生物通过有氧呼吸将糖类或脂肪转化为其生活所需的能量，在其呼吸中，氧被用作电子传输链的末端电子受体。比起无氧呼吸和发酵，有氧呼吸在消耗同样的葡萄糖的前提下能产生更多的ATP（三磷酸腺苷）。不过，专性需氧微生物常常遭受高水平的氧化应激。

结核分枝杆菌和星状诺卡氏菌均为专性需氧微生物。除酵母菌外，大多数的真菌都是是专性需氧微生物。另外，几乎所有的藻类都是专性需氧微生物。

英语百科

Obligate aerobe 专性需氧微生物

Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth: 1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest. 2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest. 3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration. 4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top. 5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.

An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy. In this type of respiration, oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain. Aerobic respiration has the advantage of yielding more energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP) than fermentation or anaerobic respiration, but obligate aerobes are subject to high levels of oxidative stress.
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