Juniperus bermudiana

Juniperus bermudiana is a species of juniper endemic to Bermuda. This species is most commonly known as Bermuda cedar, but is also referred to as Bermuda juniper. Historically this tree formed woodland that covered much of Bermuda. Settlers cleared part of the forest and the tree was used for many purposes including building construction and was especially prized for shipbuilding. However scale insects introduced during World War II devastated the forests, killing over 99% of the Bermuda juniper. Since then, the salt tolerant casuarina has been planted as a replacement species, and a small number of Bermuda junipers have been found to be resistant to the scale insects. Populations of certain endemic birds which had co-evolved with the juniper, have plummeted as a result of its demise. It was at one time introduced to Hawaii where it still flourishes.