以色列人（英语：Israelites）是指雅各的后代，根据《旧约圣经·创世记》记载，亚伯拉罕之嫡幼子以撒的次子原名雅各，后被神改名为以色列，雅各的后代子孙于是称为以色列人。雅各有十二个儿子，他们的后代成为以色列的十二支派。

雅各第十一子约瑟曾被嫉妒他的十个哥哥卖到埃及为奴，后来却成为那里的宰相。之后，由于雅各及众子所住之地迦南有大饥荒，约瑟将父亲连众兄弟全家迁往埃及居住，雅各全家族从此在埃及落地生根、繁衍后代。数百年之后，埃及人奴役并苦待以色列人，耶和华于是呼召摩西将以色列人带出埃及，并应许将他们祖先所居的迦南重新赐给他们居住。摩西的继任者约书亚征服迦南后，将迦南地分给以色列的十二支派。

The Israelites (/ˈɪzriəˌlaɪtsˌ/; Hebrew:בני ישראל‎ Bnei Yisra'el) were a Semitic people of the Ancient Near East, who inhabited part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. and lived in the region in smaller numbers after the fall of the monarchy. The prevailing academic opinion today is that the Israelites, who eventually evolved into the modern Jews and Samaritans, were an outgrowth of the indigenous Canaanites who had resided in the area since the 8th millennium BCE.