在经济学中，经济均衡或市场均衡指的是市场达到以下的条件：一件商品的市场价格达到供给量与需求量相等的那个价格。

当价格高于均衡点时，供给将会有剩余；相反地，价格低于均衡点时，供给将会有短缺。不同的供给曲线和不同的需求曲线有着不同的均衡点。在最简单的微观经济学中的供给与需求情况中，可以观察到一个静态的市场均衡点；然而，经济均衡同样可以发生在非市场关系中，并且也可以是动态的。这个例子就是部份均衡的情形，这种情形下，均衡有可能是多重市场的，或者是普遍均衡。

如同它其他的用法（例如在化学中），在经济学中，均衡的意思是「平衡」，在这里也就是供给与需求的力量的平衡。例如，供给持续的增加将会中断均衡，而导致价格变低。最后，新的均衡会在多数的市场中重新形成，然后买卖的数量将一直维持在同一点，除非有供给或需求情况发生重大改变（例如科技或是消费品味改变）。也就是说，没有内部的力量会导致价格或数量的改变。

In economics, economic equilibrium is a state where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the standard text-book model of perfect competition, equilibrium occurs at the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal. Market equilibrium in this case refers to a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers. This price is often called the competitive price or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes and the quantity is called "competitive quantity" or market clearing quantity.