To do this, Microsoft had to add a new chip component.

为此，微软必须添加一个新的芯片组件。

The reason this problem was identified in the 1970s was because chip components had been miniaturized to the point where a single alpha particle could produce enough charge to flip a bit.

这个问题之所以在 20 世纪 70 年代被发现， 是因为芯片元件已经小型化到单个阿尔法粒子就能产生足够电荷来翻转一个位的程度。