Black carbon deposited on the Arctic snow and ice, he says, will have only a minimal effect on its reflectivity.

他说，落到北极冰雪上面的黑炭，只会对其反射率带来微小的影响。

Those carbon deposits got there from the dead bodies of other organisms, like plants that managed not to be eaten or have their carbon released some other way.

这些碳沉积物来自其他生物体的尸体，例如设法不被吃掉或以其他方式释放碳的植物。