Cantalupo in Sabina is a town and comune in the province of Rieti, on the Sabine Hills of Lazio. It is famous as the reputed origin of the muskmelon called a cantaloupe melon.

It is one of several Italian comuni named "Cantalupo" ("song of the wolf" or "howl of the wolf" or literally "singing wolf") and it seems that these place names are due to an elevated presence of wolves at the time of their naming (probably because wolves could be heard howling, but this etymology is actually disputed nowadays).