大气电学（英语：Atmospheric electricity）研究的是地球（也包括其它星球）大气中电磁场的变化规律。地表、电离层以及大气组成全球电路。大气电学是一个交叉性学科。

Atmospheric electricity is the pattern of electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or less commonly, that of another planet). The normal movement of electric charges among the Earth's surface, the various layers of the atmosphere, and especially the ionosphere, taken together, are known as the global atmospheric electrical circuit. Much of the reasoning required to explain these currents lies within the field of electrostatics, but also requires understanding of other disciplines within Earth science.