面对空飞弹(英语：Surface-to-Air Missile，缩写：SAM)，专指由陆地或是舰艇上发射，攻击空中目标，通常是飞行器或者是飞弹。另外一个常见的通称是防空飞弹。

面对空飞弹的发展在第二次世界大战后期已经展开，主要发展的国家当中最积极的莫过于饱受战略轰炸机之苦的德国。

第二次大战结束以后，携带原子弹的轰炸机的威胁层次远超过以往使用传统炸弹的轰炸机，除了研发速度更快的拦截机以外，防空飞弹也成为许多国家取代高射炮的对空火力。这个发展趋势不仅仅影响到地面防空需求，也逐渐延伸到水面舰艇的防空作战上面。

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of antiaircraft system; in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated antiaircraft weapons, with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles.