1. The causes are presented as follows: packer unloading pressure, formation damage, oil tool plugging, formation voidage, the worst formation physical properties and the effect from vicinage wells.
   地层污染或工具堵塞;地层欠压;地层物性极差;邻井影响等。
2. A new multiflow model of a pressurized spout fluid bed with a draft tube has been developed to investigate the voidage and the velocities of particle and gas in spout and annular region.
   采用双流体模型对增压导向式喷动流化床内喷动区和环形区气固运动速度和空隙率进行数值模拟。

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