医学超声检查（超声检查、超声诊断学）是一种基于超声波（超音波）的医学影像学诊断技术，使肌肉和内脏器官——包括其大小、结构和病理学病灶——可视化。产科超声检查在妊娠时的产前诊断广泛使用。

超声频率的选择是对影像的空间分辨率和患者探查深度的折中。典型的诊断超声扫描操作采用的频率范围为2至13兆赫。

虽然物理学上使用的名词“超声”用于指所有频率在人耳听阈上限(20,000赫兹)以上，但在医学影像学中通常指频带比其高百倍以上的声波。

Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound. It is used to see internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and internal organs. Its aim is often to find a source of a disease or to exclude any pathology. The practice of examining pregnant women using ultrasound is called obstetric ultrasound, and is widely used.