社会市场经济（德语：Soziale Marktwirtschaft；英语：social market economy），为第二次世界大战后，德意志联邦共和国（西德）所采取的主要经济制度。

第二次世界大战结束以来，联邦德国第一任经济部长、后又曾担任联邦总理的路德维希·艾哈德主持创建了社会市场经济制度，既背离了过去曼彻斯特自由主义，又摈弃了在经营与投资方面由国家决定的统制经济。国家在市场经济中主要负有调节的任务，它规定市场活动的框架条件，尽可能地放弃对价格和工资形成的直接干预，通过提高消费者机会、刺激技术进步和创新、按劳分配收入和利润的方式来使市场中的各种力量自由发挥作用。它限制市场力量的过分积累，在主张市场有序竞争的同时，强调社会责任，主张高税收高福利。

The social market economy (German:Soziale Marktwirtschaft) is a social and economic system combining free market capitalism which supports private enterprise, alongside social policies which establish both fair competition within the market and a welfare state. It is sometimes classified as a coordinated market economy. The social market economy was originally promoted and implemented in West Germany by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1949. Its origins can be traced to the interwar Freiburg school of economic thought.