本条目使用代数记谱法来描述国际象棋棋子的走法。

斯堪的纳维亚防御是国际象棋的一种开局方式，走法为： 1.e4 d5

其防御最早纪录可追溯到1497年，黑方策略是让皇后出动迅速，但过早出动大子容易被攻击，用户不多。1914年亚历山大·阿廖欣曾用此防御奕和伊曼纽·拉斯克。

The Scandinavian Defense (or Center Counter Defense) is a chess opening characterized by the moves:

The Center Counter Defense is one of the oldest recorded openings, first recorded as being played between Francesc de Castellví and Narcís Vinyoles in Valencia in 1475 in what may be the first recorded game of modern chess, and being mentioned by Lucena in 1497. It is one of the oldest asymmetric defenses to 1.e4, along with the French Defence.