雷亚希尔维亚盆地（Rheasilvia，发音： 英语发音：/ˌriːəˈsɪlviə/）是小行星灶神星表面最明显的地理特征。该区域中心位置75°S, 301°E，直径505公里，相当于灶神星直径的80%，是太阳系中最大撞击坑之一，并覆盖了灶神星大部分的南半球。该盆地被认为是撞击坑，于 1997年在哈伯太空望远镜拍摄影像中被发现，但直到黎明号于2011年探测灶神星以前都未命名。该撞击坑以神话中的其中一位维斯塔贞女，也是罗马城创建者罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯的母亲雷亚·西尔维亚命名。

Rheasilvia /ˌriːəˈsɪlviə/ is the most prominent surface feature on the asteroid Vesta and is believed to be an impact crater. It is 505 km (314 mi) in diameter, which is 90% the diameter of Vesta itself, and is 95% the mean diameter of Vesta, 529 km (329 mi). However, the mean is affected by the crater itself. It is 89% the mean equatorial diameter of 569 km (354 mi), making it one of the largest craters in the Solar System, and at 75°S latitude, covers most of the southern hemisphere. The peak in the center of the crater rises 22 km (14 mi; 72,000 ft) from its base, the tallest mountain known in the Solar System.