伴奏主要为西洋音乐所使用之音乐用语，指单一主旋律演奏时有多位歌手或其他演奏者相对。

伴奏时最重要的就是主旋律的和弦及全体演奏时的和声。伴奏常见的乐器有以可产生复弦律的乐器为主, 例如：钢琴、风琴、大键琴等键盘乐器，以及吉他等弦乐器，另外最近亦有电子乐器的使用。另外，与管弦乐团的合奏也相当常见。

伴奏不限于乐器间，亦可用于声乐上。无伴奏的声乐称为清唱。

Accompanist is one who plays an accompaniment. A number of classical pianists have found success as accompanists rather than soloists; arguably the best known example is Gerald Moore, well known as a Lieder accompanist. In some American schools, the title collaborative pianist (or collaborative artist) is replacing the title accompanist.