Philophthalmus gralli, commonly known as oriental avian eye fluke, is found in conjunctiva sac of eyes of many species of birds. The oriental eye fluke is described to parasitize the conjunctiva sac of various galliforms and anseriforms (Nollen and Murray 1978). In Brazil this parasite was reported in native anseriforms species (Muniz-Pereira and Amato 1993). It was first discovered by Mathis and Leger in 1910 in domestic chickens from Hanoi, Vietnam. Birds are definitive hosts and freshwater snail species are intermediate hosts (e.g. Tarebia granifera and Melanoides tuberculata.) Human cases of philophthalmosis are rare, but have been previously reported in Europe, Asia, and America (i.e., Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Japan, Israel, Mexico, and the United States).