古菱齿象亚属是大象中已灭绝的一个亚属，包含了许多不同的菱齿象物种。此类物种的化石仍然在德国的 Blizingsleben、赛普勒斯、日本、西西里岛、马尔他中被继续发掘出来，且最近英国在开凿第二条 英法海底隧道时亦发现了其化石。

在欧洲大陆里，古菱齿象约灭绝于3万年前，而日本的物种则可能存活了稍久一点的时间。最后灭绝的古菱齿象为地中海侏儒象的物种，约以8千年前绝迹－可能是死于人类和新的掠食者的手里。

一些较有名的物种有：

Palaeoloxodon is an extinct genus that contains the various species of straight-tusked elephant. Its species' remains have been found in Bilzingsleben, Germany; Cyprus; Japan; Sicily; Malta; and in England during the excavation of the second Channel Tunnel. The English discovery, in 2006 in northwest Kent, dated c. 400,000 ybp, was of a single adult; associated with it were Palaeolithic stone butchering tools of the type used by Homo heidelbergensis. One species, Palaeoloxodon namadicus, was the largest known land mammal of all time.