Muisca people

The Muisca are the Chibcha-speaking people that formed the Muisca Confederation of the central Andean highlands of present-day Colombia's Eastern Range, in particular the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. As one out of four advanced civilizations of the Americas (apart from the Aztec, Mayas and Incas, they were encountered by the Spanish Empire in 1537, at the time of their conquest. Subgroupings of the Muisca were mostly identified by their allegiances to three great rulers: the zaque, centered in Hunza, ruling a territory roughly covering modern southern and northeastern Boyacá and southern Santander; the zipa, centered in Bacatá, and encompassing most of modern Cundinamarca, the western Llanos and northeastern Tolima; and the Iraca, ruler of Suamox and modern northeastern Boyacá and southwestern Santander.