Molly Maguires
（重定向自Molly Maguire）
![Location of the counties in northeastern Pennsylvania where the Molly Maguires were active](/Images/godic/202501/27/Map_of_PA_Coal_Region4713.png")
![Pinkerton Detective Agency detective James McParland (in the 1880s)](/Images/godic/202501/27/James_McParland4713.jpg")
![Franklin B. Gowen (1836-1889), District Attorney for Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company](/Images/godic/202501/27/Franklin_B._Gowen4714.jpg")
![](/Images/godic/202501/27/Molly_coffinnotice4714.gif")
The Molly Maguires was an Irish 19th century secret society active in Ireland, Liverpool and parts of the eastern United States, best known for their activism among Irish American and Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania. After a series of often violent conflicts, twenty suspected members of the Molly Maguires were convicted of murder and other crimes and were executed by hanging in 1877 and 1878. This history remains part of local Pennsylvania lore.