These are forms of contact-tracing, a method of gathering as much data about people as they or the law allows, in an effort to track and prevent coronavirus.

这些都是进行接触者追踪的方式，接触者追踪是一种经本人同意或法律允许收集人们的数据的方法，它是用来追踪和预防冠状病毒感染的。