叶麂（学名：Muntiacus putaoensis），又名叶鹿，在近年才被发现的新哺乳动物。1997年，生物学家艾伦·拉宾诺维茨（Alan Rabinowitz）在缅甸北部地区克钦邦的偏远山区进行野外考察时，发现了一具动物尸体。在验证初时他只认为是其他种的幼体，但经过验证后却发现原来是新种——一头成年的雌性叶麂。经过遗传检测所得的标本后，他确认此为新的种。当地猎人一直以叶鹿去称呼此种，这是因为这物种小得足以被一块大的叶片完全包裹起来。

The leaf muntjac, leaf deer or Putao muntjac (Muntiacus putaoensis) is a small species of muntjac. It was discovered in 1997 by biologist Alan Rabinowitz during his field study in the isolated Naungmung Township in Myanmar. Rabinowitz discovered the species by examining the small carcass of a deer that he initially believed was the juvenile of another species; however, it proved to be the carcass of an adult female. He managed to obtain specimens, from which DNA analysis revealed a new cervid species. Local hunters knew of the species and called it the leaf deer because its body could be completely wrapped by a single large leaf.