猴头菇（学名：Hericium erinaceus），又称猴头菌、猴头蘑、猴菇、刺猬菌、猬菌、猴蘑，伞菌纲，猴头菇科，是中国传统的名贵菜肴，肉嫩、味香、鲜美可口。

《中国药用真菌》记载：“猴头菇味甘、性平、能利五脏、助消化、滋补、对消化不良、神经衰退与十二指肠溃疡及胃溃疡有良好的功效。”因此，广泛的将猴头菇应用于食道癌、胃癌、十二指肠癌等消化系统的肿瘤治疗上。经多种临床实验证明，经常服食猴头菇会增强人体消化系统的免疫功能。

其营养价值极高。氨基酸种类多过16种以上，并含有多种维生素和较高的矿物质成分。猴头菇还含有很多药效成分。具有利五脏、助消化、滋补身体等功能，对消化不良、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、神经衰弱均有一定疗效。同时，猴头菇还含有多种糖类物质对癌细胞有明显的抑制作用。

Hericium erinaceus (also called lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, satyr's beard, bearded hedgehog mushroom, pom pom mushroom, or bearded tooth fungus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe and Asia it can be identified by its long spines (greater than 1 cm length), its appearance on hardwoods and its tendency to grow a single clump of dangling spines. Hericium erinaceus can be mistaken for other species of Hericium, all popular edibles, which grow across the same range. In the wild, these mushrooms are common during late summer and fall on hardwoods, particularly American Beech.