So galaxies that we see are a fossil record of the whole of galaxy formation.

所以我们看到的星系是整个星系形成的化石记录。

The observation caused a commotion in scientific circles, because it seemed to fly in the face of everything that astrophysicists thought they knew about galaxy formation.

这个观察结果在科学圈掀起了轩然大波——因为这似乎完全违背了科学家们原以为了解的有关星系形成的一切知识。

Because we study the Milky Way in so much detail, it's like the Rosetta Stone of galaxy formation, that we can use to inform our understanding of galaxies.

因为我们对银河系进行了如此详细的研究，它就像星系形成的罗塞塔石碑， 我们可以用它来了解我们对星系的理解。

But a few months later, in 2011, Reines went to a meeting of scientists. There, she heard astrophysicist Jillian Bellovary speak. Bellovary presented some new models of galaxy formation. These suggested that even scrawny galaxies could have hefty black holes.

但几个月后，即 2011 年，雷因斯参加了一次科学家会议。在那里，她听到天体物理学家吉莉安·贝洛瓦里 (Jillian Bellovary) 的讲话。贝洛瓦里提出了一些新的星系形成模型。这些表明，即使是瘦小的星系也可能有巨大的黑洞。