基本面分析是一种证券或股票估价的方法，利用财务分析和经济学上的研究来评估企业价值或预测证券(如股票或债券等)价值的走势。这些被分析的基本数据可以包含一家公司的财务报表和非财务上的信息，如商品需求成长性的预测、企业比较、新制度的影响分析或人口的改变。它通常和所谓的技术分析相对，技术分析在研究证券价值的趋势时，并不使用到市场本身以外的因素来做预测。

投资者使用基本分析来检验一家公司的财务状况、其内部运作和其产业市场，用以来了解这家公司的稳定性和成长潜力。被检验的项目可能包括有发放股息、公司管理资金方法、公司的负债值和公司收支成长。一个利用基本分析的人会看基本分析的结果来决定要操作多头或空头。

Fundamental analysis, in accounting and finance, is the analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the business's assets, liabilities, and earnings); health; and its competitors and markets. When applied to futures and forex, it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical.