体外受精（英语：External fertilization）是一种精子与卵子在雌性生物体外结合产生配子的一种受精方式。在这种受精形式下，精子可利用在水中运动的能力，游向卵子并与其结合。

以此方式繁殖的动物多为水栖或两栖动物，包括：

External fertilization is a strategy of fertilization in which a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in the open, rather than inside a specialized organ within the body of a parent. Releasing eggs and sperm into water is called spawning. In contrast, internal fertilization takes place inside the female after insemination through copulation. Among vertebrates, most amphibians and fish utilise external fertilization, with eggs being liberated into the environment by the female and sperm by the male. In many cases, a clutch of eggs is laid and the male immediately liberates his sperm in close proximity.